We commence with the theory of authority, which posits the existence of an infallible source of knowledge that is fully recognized. In our case, it would be an institution such as a ski school or club, a relevant body such as a national ski association or federation, or a professional in the field such as a ski instructor or coach.
The instrumentalist theory, pragmatic or scientific method recognizes no other authority than experience. Every proposition is hypothetical, and its falsity or veracity is tested by observing whether its predictions are fulfilled in reality. Technical concepts are devices created to guide the necessary action in the solution of real skiing problems. If these concepts work, that is, if by means of their use the problem we face is solved, then the proposition is valid and true.
Moving forward, the coherentist theory postulates a basic premise as a criterion for validating the assertions derived from it. If the remaining propositions are logically related, and if they are consistent with the basic proposition, then they are true. A given skiing technique is true if it is consistent with what is proposed by the biomechanics and physics of skiing.
The correspondence theory states that the veracity of a proposition depends on whether it is in conformity with a fact. Snow is white solely when the whiteness of snow is a fact.
Finally, Cartesian theory conceives that, in order for an idea to be considered true, it must be proven, that is, it must not be subject to doubt. The Cartesian method for the search for knowledge consists of four rules:
- Methodical doubt: “Never accept anything as true unless it is truly recognized as such”.
- Analysis: “Divide each of the difficulties to be examined into as many parts as possible and necessary to resolve them better”.
- Synthesis: “Conduct thoughts in order, starting with the simplest and easiest objects to know, up to the most complex knowledge”.
- Enumeration: “To make in everything such complete enumerations and such general reviews, that we are sure of not omitting anything”.
